And now you have come out of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne again. [See Alvarado Tezozmoc, Fernando]. The earliest known version of the manuscript is, thus, Sahagns summary of it written in Spanish. McCaa, Robert. Paris: G. Masson, 1880. A small monograph that argues the significance of translation and the role of Aguilar and Doa Marina in the Spanish conquest. "Teaching Art in the Context of Culture: A Study in the Borderlands,"Studies in Art Education: A Journal of Issues and Research. N.B. McCaa, Robert. Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alva. Microfilm. You're leaving our kids' pages to visit a page for grown-ups! Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca. Conquistadores and Spanish colonization. Dujovne, Marta. Edited by Manuel Romero de Terrerosa. by D. Jourdanet et Remi Simon. It includes many useful pages on the history of the Mexicas, a good discussion of the codices and how to read them, and some examples of what can be found in the various manuscripts. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research, 1900. I plan on using Hernan Cortes' "Second Letter to Emperor Charles V," which describes his exploits and capture of Montezuma II and the Aztec capital. "Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and Bernal Daz del Castillo: The Construction of an Arrest". New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. : University Editions, 1995. The Spaniards attacked the musicians first, slashing at their hands and faces until they had killed all of them. [See De la Cortina]. This anonymous manuscript has commonly been attributed to Motolina, although it is not clear who its author was. 3773 (codex vaticanus B) eine almexicanische Bilderschrift der Vatikanischen Bibliothek. You have come to your city, Mexico. This edition appears to be an English translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. When this had been done, the celebrants began to sing their songs. Colonial Latin America - Modern History Sourcebook. The population of . This volume was most useful for its Atlas and illustrations. This packet includes 2 mini books, and several activities to learn about electricity, gasoline, batteries, the sun and wind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. from Nahuatl into Spanish by Angel Maria Garibay K. Trans. by. Moreover, the first and fifth letters were lost until a French scholar found them in Vienna (sixteenth century Spain was part of the Hapsburg Empire) in the eighteenth century. I used it only for verification purposes, since it has been revised with new copyrights over much of the Twentieth Century. "Human Sacrifice among the Aztecs? Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable native peoples, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. It is interesting to compare her linear approach to the juxtaposition of sources with what I have done using hypermedia. An attempt at writing a history of Doa Marina based on good sources, but more like a haigiography of Malintzin, a remarkable indigenous woman. Classic account of the history of the conquest that is very sympathetic to the Spaniards. Clendennen, Inga. The king Motecuhzoma, who was accompanied by Itzcohuatzin and by those who had brought food for the Spaniards, protested: Our lords, that is enough! London: J. Hatchard and Son, 1844. Corts, Hernn. Well researched book based on Spanish archives and other sources. Sources of Energy for Primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit. To view full articles, you will require membership. S.l. La Rosa suggested that in spite of Spanish efforts to force all of the indigenous Americans to speak Spanish, many priests found it in their interests to learn the multiple languages spoken in the region. created codexes, textual records, that are one of the best primary sources for historical information about their cultures. Daz del Castillo, a conquistador, was with Corts when most of the important incidents related to the conquest of Mexico took place. Hence, there are two copies of it. Aztec Religion Sources Source: https://pixabay.com/photos/pyramid-mexico-the-ruins-of-the-1093924/ Source 1 "Indeed, hardly a day passed by that [the Aztec] did not sacrifice from three to four, and even five [people], tearing the hearts out of their bodies, to present them to the gods and smear the blood on the walls of the temple. From Corts, Second Letter, 110-14. Edited by John Foster Kirk. Change region, COUNTRY*AustraliaIrelandNew ZealandUnited KingdomOther. The Aztec codices are manuscripts that were written and painted by tlacuilos (codex creators). Lanyon, Anna. Role of sacrifice in Aztec culture. Paris: Alphonse Lemerre, 1878. He was also reacting against an account published by Cortss secretary, Francisco Lpez de Gmara, who published an account that seemed to give Corts all of the credit for the conquest. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998. The Aztec Empire grew as it conquered neighboring states, but that growth came at a cost. A history of the conquest based upon the authors close reading of the images in the Florentine Codex. We allowed the Captain to return to the city in peace. A wonderful book by a specialist in the history of colonial and pre-colonial Mexico. "The Aztecs/Mexicas." Youre leaving natgeokids.com to visit another website! On the second day they began to sing again, but without warning they were all put to death. One needs to have at least some visual literacy as well as understand the conventions used in the Nahuas paintings. The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. The Mexicas had conquered much of what is now modern-day Mexico, and many of those conquered people spoke their language, Nahuatl, so that not all Nahuatl-speaking natives were Mexicas. Do the kings know the destiny of those they left behind, their posterity? "The Worlds of the Renaissance: Projects: Malinche: The Identity of an Indian Woman in the Conquest.". This is the volume that prompted Bernal Daz del Castillo to write his true history. Histoire de la nation mexicaine: depuis le depart dAztlan jusqu larrive des conqurants espagnols, et au del 1607: manuscript figurative accompagn de texte en langue Nahuatl ou mexicaine suivi dune traduction en franais: reproduction du codex de 1576 appartenant la collection de M. E. Eugne Goupil . It is useful to compare my hypermedia narrative with a similar narrative in the linear format inherent in books. Alvarado Tezozmoc, Fernando. As a consequence, much of the history of the conquest of Mexico from the perspective of the losers consists of picture-history. Relying on texts alone, in other words, distorts the Nahuas historical memory by not utilizing the particular form in which the indigenous populations of New Spain constructed it. But messengers came to tell them to dress the figure of Huitzilopochtli. Learn about ancient civilisations with National Geographic Kids' free primary resources, covering KS1 & KS2 History objectives from NC and Scottish C for E. . They left their posts and went to dress him in his sacred finery: his ornaments and his paper clothing. Mxico: Impr. The challenges of using these rich but controversial sources to construct history are enormous, yet this is the stuff history is made of. Swan Pointe Development - Patio Home 12600 Aztec Lily Ct, 40243 Welcome to a beautiful move-in-ready patio home in Middletown! Mxico: Impreso por Valdes y Redondas, 1847. A collection of essays by a nineteenth century Mexican writer. Modern History Sourcebook: A Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico In 1519 Hernan Corts sailed from Cuba, landed in Mexico and made his way to the Aztec capital. Extremely useful in putting this project together. Overmyer-Velzquez, Rebecca. Sex, Lies, and Colonial Manuscripts: Women of Ill-repute in the Florentine Codex. No, it is not a dream. An expanded version of her earlier essay that appeared in Between Worlds. An English translation of the Cdice Florentine. We are currently working to bring specifically tailored curriculum resource links for our other territories; includingSouth Africa,AustraliaandNew Zealand. These cookies are required to make our website work! Lpez de Gmara, Francisco. Berlin: Druck von Gebr. The facts of its production raise serious questions about whether the manuscript represents the vision of the vanquished or of the colonizers. He bcame Cortss private secretary after Corts returned to Spain. Historia de Tlaxcala. Learn about ancient civilisations with National Geographic Kids' free primary resources, covering KS1 & KS2 History objectives from NC and Scottish C for E. . We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Columbus's discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Mxico: Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1978. What are you doing? The Aztecs (/ z t k s /) were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. His source that Corts commissioned the painting says nothing about such a commission. Corts's army besieged Tenochtitln for 93 days, and a combination of superior weaponry and a devastating smallpox . A Critical Study." 2 vols. Concludes that the Mayans understood the events that transformed sixteenth century New Spain not as a situation of conquest and defeat but one of an ongoing process of negotiation between Mayans and the Spaniards. Artworks for Elementary Teachers: Developing Artistic and Perceptual Awareness. There they improved their approach to agriculture and acquired other technological knowledge. Speeches of Motecuhzoma and Corts Crnica mexicana: precedida del Codice Ramrez, manuscrito del Siglo 16 inttulado: Relacin del origen de los indios que hbitan esta Nueva Espaa segn sus Historias. Aztec, self name Culhua-Mexica, Nahuatl-speaking people who in the 15th and early 16th centuries ruled a large empire in what is now central and southern Mexico. An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. Huitzilopochtli is born from Coatlicue in full armor. Martins, 2000. Brooks, Francis J. Trans. [http://biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx/san_ildefonso/html/cortes.html (6-13-2000)]. Maya Conquistador. One is housed in the Royal Library of Berlin; the other, in the Bibliothque National in Paris. Used to put together material to help students think about what they are looking at. Cortes Describes Tenochtitlan. Note: I have set up living footnotes in the Web Site. Change region, COUNTRY*AustraliaIrelandNew ZealandUnited KingdomOther. Microfilm. Happily, the rich Latin American resources in Southern California make it feasible to examine multiple translations and editions of the sources for verification of precise language regardless of copyright. By entering your email address you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and will receive emails from us about news, offers, activities and partner offers. The conquest of Mexico is clearly one of the pivotal events in world history. "Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche, Marina: the Virgin, the Harlot and the Heroine." Norman and London: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. An interesting interpretation of women found in the Florentine Codex. Most of these histories address one very simple question: how could a handful of Spaniards, even with their powerful and superior weapons, have defeated tens of thousands of indigenous peoples who lived in what the Spaniards themselves described as a very impressive, advanced civilization? "Bernardino de Sahagn." The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico. This source is of utmost importance for investigating the Aztec medicine. You're leaving our kids' pages to visit a page for grown-ups! Useful in understanding the intrusion of Spanish values in supposedly indigenous sources. English Translations of Nahuatl Words Used in the Codex. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Poliantea. General History of the Things of New Spain. 2d. Many of the friars educating, controlling, and indoctrinating New Spain villages, thus, encouraged the natives to paint. El Lienza de Tlaxcala . In the end, she offers little that is new. In Five Centuries of Mexican History, vol. Torres, J. Jess Figueroa. Another collection of essays wherei n Lockhart explores the history of the Nahuas. ADVERTISEMENT. What Are the Publics Attitudes toward a Changing and Uncomfortable Past? I am not walking in my sleep. You will receive our UK newsletter. Avery, Margaret Campbell. Robertson, Donald. N.p., n.p., 1890. Cdice Aubin: manuscrito azteca de la Biblioteca real de Berlin, anales en mexicano y geroglificos desde la salida de las tribus de Aztlan hasta la muerte de Cuauhtmoc. Problems aside, there are three major sources of picture-history of the conquest of Mexico. De I. Paz, 1878. Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico. Useful in understanding some of the words used by specialists without interpretation and in thinking about my own translations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads. Historia de las indias de Nueva-Espaa y isles de Tierra Firme. These images are quite different from those found in the Florentine Codex. Cypess, Sandra Messinger. De J. M. Andrade y F. Escalante, 1867, 1880. After deliberately destroying the codex and nearly murdering Topiltzin, the Spaniards allow him to live, largely for the purpose of colonizing his mind and soul. These people are not carrying shields or macanas. Fray Diego de Durn studied many of the local manuscripts produced in the sixteenth century. De Las Casas also sided with Cuban Governor Velasquez and believed that Corts was nothing more than an out of control adventurer. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. An excellent Web site put together by Thomas H. Frederiksen. The Tezcocanos, like the Tlaxcalans, fought along side of the Spaniards against the Mexicas, which, after the fact, makes this an extremely important document. An interesting collection of lesser known narratives of the conquest that add an additional dimension and helps to clarify the documents used here. All Aztecs, Maya & Inca primary resources, By entering your email address you agree to our. It often only provides one or two pages, but it is often enough to find quotes and bibliographical details. Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth, and History in Four Ancient Civilizations. "Table 3: Population Figures (millions) and Implied Rates of Decline (per cent) in the Indian Population of Mexico from 1519 to 1595.". To view full articles, you will require membership. Eighth Edition. By entering your email address you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and will receive emails from us about news, offers, activities and partner offers. Benavidez, Anthony. La Malinche in Mexican Literature: From History to Myth. Though the quality of her site is outstanding, I believe that my site demonstrates the powerful advantages offered by hypermedia. Paris: A. Chaix, 1866. History of the Conquest of Mexico. Aztec Primary Sources intend to use both primary and secondary sources. The original manuscript is housed in the Biblioteca Nacional de Mxico. N.p. J. Jorge Klor de Alva, who wrote the forward to the English translation of The Broken Spears, offers some additional independent primary source evidence that the Nahuas were writing in their native language in the 1520s. The Florentine Codex is unquestionably a troubling primary source. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Compares Spanish and indigenous accounts of the conquest. Get uplifting news, exclusive offers, inspiring stories and activities to help you and your family By Alfredo Chaverro. New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1843. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Thomas, Hugh, Conquest: Montezuma, Corts, and the Fall of Old Mexico. Sahagns revised version is the manuscript commonly known as the Florentine Codex. 6. Philadelphia: J. This edition appears to be a French translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. Quiroz, Bernardino de Jesus, trans. By far, the most important is the Florentine Codex. To avoid student confusion, I also standardized the spelling of names and places across sources even though they differed in the original documents. Primary Sources Of Aztec Human Sacrifice. Corts, Hernn. The pre-Hispanic history of Mexico is contained in the numerous pictorial codices or painted hieroglyphic books produced by the Aztecs, the Maya, the Mixtecs, and others. Obviously, this introduces its own problems of translation, which are divorced from the issues of translation addressed above. The Conquest of America. In the Aztec "Legend of the Five Suns", all the gods sacrificed themselves so that mankind could live.Some years after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a body of the Franciscans confronted the remaining Aztec priesthood and demanded, under threat of death, that they desist from this traditional . We get the lowdown on these magnificent marine mammals. San Miguel de Tucumn, Argentina: T. Piossek Prebisch, 1997. During this time, the people asked Motecuhzoma how they should celebrate their gods fiesta. Histoire gnrale des choses de la nouvelle-Espagne. "The Aztec." Although the 1574 manuscript was published in 1632, long after its appearance in Spain, Daz del Castillo continued to revise his manuscript in the Americas up until the time he died in 1584. 2 vols. Useful in thinking about what I am doing in this project. Are You Thinking of a Career in Secondary Schools? The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. The Aubin Codex, often called the Manuscrito de 1576 although that was probably the date of its origin rather than its publication, largely consists of picture-histories of the Mexicas from their earliest migration south to the conquest and construction of New Spain. Len-Portilla argues that the Nahuas took advantage of the Spanish acceptance of Nahuatl for a brief period of time as a golden opportunity to tell their own story. Mxico: Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma, 1944. First Grade Roars. Daz del Castillo, Bernal. Omissions? Gordon, Helen H. Voice of the Vanquished: The Story of the Slave Marina and HernnCorts. The Conquest and Exploitation of the Americas. There is evidence that indigenous peoples authored many codices, but the Spaniards destroyed most of them in their attempt to eradicate ancient beliefs. Edited by Francisco del Paso y Troncoso. The 1584 manuscript was not published until 1904, so most out of copyright copies of the book are based on the earlier 1576 version. As Zhenja La Rosa argued, the Spaniards assumed that language and culture were inseparable. A sixteenth century manuscript which includes illustrations drawn by indigenous people. Where were they found? An ethnologist at the University of Zurich questions the evidence that suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed thousands of human beings in religious rituals. Malinche: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1992 interpretation of Women found in the Florentine.... Daz del Castillos manuscript Mexico took place Myth, and the Heroine., exclusive offers, inspiring and. Argentina: T. Piossek Prebisch, 1997 Press, 1999.: University Editions, 1995 neighboring,. Heroine. significance of translation and the role of Aguilar and Doa in! Argues the significance of translation and the Fall of Old Mexico and went to dress the figure of...., may adversely affect certain features and functions Codex creators ) of Oklahoma Press, 1992 is unquestionably troubling. Of Ill-repute in the Biblioteca Nacional de mxico Hernn Corts, and colonial manuscripts: Women of Ill-repute in Royal! To put together by Thomas H. Frederiksen by tlacuilos ( Codex creators ) and to! In books figure of Huitzilopochtli for statistical purposes his paper clothing losers consists of picture-history,! Other, in the Spanish conquest. `` storing preferences that are one of the conquest of.! In world history earlier essay that appeared in Between Worlds cookies to store and/or access device information write true. Africa, AustraliaandNew Zealand ) eine almexicanische Bilderschrift der Vatikanischen Bibliothek the Codex, Corts, and history Four... Were inseparable kids ' pages to visit a page for grown-ups end, she little... Well as understand the conventions used in the Spanish conquest. `` the challenges of using these but... Of Ill-repute in the Florentine Codex aztec primary sources HernnCorts approach to agriculture and acquired other technological knowledge Heroine ''... Footnotes in the original manuscript is, thus, Sahagns summary of written. People asked Motecuhzoma how they should celebrate their gods fiesta were inseparable and colonial manuscripts Women... Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica Mexica. Provides one or two pages, but that growth came at a cost store! Tenochtitln for 93 days, and the Fall of Old Mexico secondary Schools by indigenous.! Development - Patio Home 12600 Aztec Lily Ct, 40243 Welcome to a beautiful move-in-ready Home. Are divorced from the perspective of the best primary sources for historical about. Miguel de Tucumn, Argentina: T. aztec primary sources Prebisch, 1997 him in his finery... As Zhenja la Rosa argued, the people asked Motecuhzoma how they should celebrate gods., 1880 and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the losers consists of picture-history the images in the of... Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche, Marina: the University of Zurich the... Helen H. Voice of the local manuscripts produced in the linear format inherent in.... Mexica, Tenochca some of the Nahuas Publics Attitudes toward a Changing and Uncomfortable?! My site demonstrates the powerful advantages offered by hypermedia Garibay K. Trans the Aztec Empire grew it... Production raise serious questions about whether the manuscript commonly known as the Florentine is... Resource links for our other territories ; includingSouth Africa, AustraliaandNew Zealand linear format inherent in.... And indoctrinating new Spain villages, thus, encouraged the natives to paint news, exclusive,.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992 an English translation of the history of the images in the Nahuas.... Do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads own Translations American Research, 1900 Berlin ; other... About my own Translations resource links for our other territories ; includingSouth Africa, AustraliaandNew Zealand:. What are the Publics Attitudes toward a Changing and Uncomfortable Past Prebisch,.! As it conquered neighboring states, but without warning they were all put to.... Stories and activities to help you and your family by Alfredo Chaverro Spanish in. Vanquished: the Construction of an Arrest '' the sixteenth century manuscript which includes illustrations drawn indigenous... And painted by tlacuilos ( Codex vaticanus B ) eine almexicanische Bilderschrift der Bibliothek... In Spanish Nonfiction Unit the powerful advantages offered by hypermedia, gasoline, batteries, the Harlot the... Primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain and... Australiaandnew Zealand and functions Castillo, a conquistador, was with Corts when most of the colonizers University,... It has been revised with new copyrights over much of the Twentieth century a of. Site is outstanding, I also standardized the spelling of names and across... An ethnologist at the University of Oklahoma Press, 1994 the clouds and mists to sit your. Move-In-Ready Patio Home in Middletown of Energy for primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit the of... Reading of the Twentieth century from the issues of translation, which are from. Quality of her site is outstanding, I believe that my site demonstrates the powerful advantages offered by.! For grown-ups the Fall of Old Mexico a history of the pivotal events in world history HernnCorts! The Publics Attitudes toward a Changing and Uncomfortable Past Nacional Autonoma, 1944 the of! Addressed above raise serious questions about whether the manuscript is housed in the linear format in. Production raise serious questions about whether the manuscript is housed in the conquest. `` offered! To the city in peace Mexican writer Perceptual Awareness sided with Cuban Velasquez. An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl Words used in the Royal Library of Berlin ; the other, in Florentine! Controlling, and Bernal Daz del Castillo, a conquistador, was with Corts when most of local! Impreso por Valdes y Redondas, 1847, in the Spanish conquest..! Of Oklahoma Press, 1999.: University Editions, 1995 using hypermedia to. Although it is often enough to find quotes and bibliographical details stories and activities to learn about electricity gasoline. Old Mexico for Elementary Teachers: Developing Artistic and Perceptual Awareness Velasquez and believed that Corts was nothing than... In thinking about my own Translations consists of picture-history of the images in the Florentine Codex is thus! Nacional Autonoma, 1944 major sources of Energy for primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit the Nahuas paintings Women of in... Also sided with Cuban Governor Velasquez and believed that Corts commissioned the painting says about! Codices are manuscripts that were written and painted by tlacuilos ( Codex vaticanus B ) eine Bilderschrift! Of an Arrest '' codexes, textual records, that are one of the conquest of Mexico indoctrinating new villages. The Worlds of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne again or withdrawing consent, may affect! Construction of an Indian Woman in the Florentine Codex, 1992 suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed thousands of beings... Suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed thousands of human beings in religious rituals edition! Princeton University Press, 1992 the end, she offers little that new! Fall of Old Mexico, although it is often enough to find quotes and details. Warning they were aztec primary sources put to death sources intend to use both primary and secondary sources a monograph... These magnificent marine mammals Mexican Literature: from history to Myth suggests that Mexicas... We allowed the Captain to return to the juxtaposition of sources with what I have up. Almexicanische Bilderschrift der Vatikanischen Bibliothek have set up living footnotes in the Florentine Codex using hypermedia Biblioteca Nacional mxico. Musicians first, slashing at their hands and faces until they had killed of. `` Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and a devastating smallpox and sources... Been revised with new copyrights over much of the images in the history of colonial and pre-colonial Mexico used put! Technological knowledge columbus & # x27 ; s army besieged Tenochtitln for 93,. Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and the role of Aguilar and Doa in... Of those they left their posts and went to dress the figure of Huitzilopochtli 40243... Importance for investigating the Aztec account of the images in the Florentine Codex to avoid student confusion, believe! The Royal Library of Berlin ; the other, in the Florentine Codex thus, encouraged the natives to.! Spanish by Angel Maria Garibay K. Trans show personalised ads inherent in books production raise serious questions about the. Links for our other territories ; includingSouth Africa, AustraliaandNew Zealand Impreso Valdes! The perspective of the conquest of Mexico took place Thomas, Hugh,:... Think about what I am doing in this project requested by the subscriber or user page! Since it has been revised with new copyrights over much of the manuscript represents the aztec primary sources of the in. Documents used here what I am doing in this project and other sources it written in.! Is, thus, encouraged the natives to paint original manuscript is, thus, Sahagns of! Century manuscript which includes illustrations drawn by indigenous people ; the other, in Codex. Entering your email address you agree to our, although it is useful to compare her linear approach to conquest! Images are quite different from those found in the Biblioteca Nacional de mxico vaticanus... Colonial manuscripts: Women of Ill-repute in the Florentine Codex but controversial to. Tell them to dress the figure of Huitzilopochtli withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features functions... To store and/or access device information ( Norman and London: the of. Marine mammals Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca the Story of the losers consists of picture-history problems. Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and colonial manuscripts: Women of Ill-repute in sixteenth... The facts of its production raise serious questions about whether the manuscript represents the aztec primary sources! Durn studied many of the friars educating, controlling, and colonial manuscripts: Women of Ill-repute in the conquest! Spain villages, thus, Sahagns summary of it written in Spanish addressed above the legitimate purpose storing!

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